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the web of life in southern Africa

Declared weeds and invader plants in South Africa >

Woody plants that are declared weeds or invaders in South Africa

Note: This section of Biodiversity Explorer on weeds and invaders is out-of-date, as the information has been superceded by more recent legislation and lists that fall under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity (NEMBA) Act. These documents can be downloaded here.

There are about 121 woody plant species in southern Africa that are declared invaders in South Africa.

 

Species Type Cate-gory  

Acacia baileyana (Bailey’s wattle)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Invader 3  

Acacia cyclops (Rooikrans, Red eye)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Invader 2  

Acacia dealbata (Silver wattle)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Classified as a Category 1 invader in the Western Cape and a Category 2 invader in the rest of South Africa.

Weed 1-2  

Acacia decurrens (Green wattle)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Invader 2  

Acacia elata (Pepper tree wattle)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Referred to incorrectly as Acacia terminalis in South Africa.

Invader 3  

Acacia implexa (Screw-pod wattle)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Weed 1  

Acacia longifolia (Long-leaved wattle)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Weed 1  

Acacia mearnsii (Black wattle)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Invader 2  

Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Invader 2  

Acacia paradoxa (Kangaroo wattle)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Weed 1  

Acacia podalyriifolia (Pearl acacia, Vaalmimosa)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Invader 3  

Acacia pycnantha (Golden wattle)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Weed 1  

Acacia saligna (Port Jackson, Port Jackson willow)

Family: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Acacia

Invader 2  

Ailanthus altissima (Tree-of-heaven, Hemelboom)

Classification: Simaroubaceae

Invader 3  

Albizia lebbeck (Lebbeck tree, Lebbeckboom)

Classification: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Albizia

Weed 1  

Albizia procera (False lebbeck, Basterlebbeck)

Classification: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae > Albizia

Weed 1  

Ardisia crenata (Coralberry tree, Coral Bush)

Classification: Primulaceae

Incorrectly referred to as Ardisia crispa in South Africa. This Category 1 status only applies in Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga.

Weed 1  

Atriplex nummularia subsp. nummularia (Old man saltbush, Oumansoutbos)

Classification: Amaranthaceae > Chenopodioideae >  Atriplex

Invader 2  

Bauhinia purpurea (Butterfly orchid tree, Skoenlapperorgideëboom)

Classification: Fabaceae > Caesalpinioideae > Bauhinia

Invader 3  

Bauhinia variegata (Orchid tree, Orgideëboom)

Classification: Fabaceae > Caesalpinioideae > Bauhinia

Invader 3  

Caesalpinia decapetala (Mauritius thorn, Kraaldoring)

[= Caesalpinia sepiaria]

Classification: Fabaceae > Caesalpinioideae > Caesalpinia

Weed 1  

Cardiospermum grandiflorum (Balloon vine, Blaasklimop)

Classification: Sapindaceae

Weed 1  

Casuarina cunninghamiana (Beefwood, Kasuarisboom)

Classification: Casuarinaceae

Not to be used for dune stabilisation.

Invader 2  

Casuarina equisetifolia (Horsetail tree, Perdestertboom)

Classification: Casuarinaceae

Not to be used for dune stabilisation.

Invader 2 Casuarina equisetifolia (female)

Cestrum aurantiacum (Yellow or Orange cestrum, Oranjesestrum)

Classification: Solanaceae > Cestrum

Weed 1  

Cestrum elegans (Crimson cestrum, Karmosynsestrum)

[= Cestrum purpureum]

Classification: Solanaceae > Cestrum

Weed 1  

Cestrum laevigatum (Inkberry, Inkbessie)

Classification: Solanaceae > Cestrum

Weed 1 Cestrum ?laevigatum

Cestrum parqui (Chilean cestrum, Chileense Inkbessie)

Classification: Solanaceae > Cestrum

Weed 1  

Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor tree)

Classification: Lauraceae > Cinnamomum

Declared status only applies to Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga.

Weed 1  

Cotoneaster franchetii (Cotoneaster, Dwergmispel, Oranje cotoneaster)

Classification: Rosaceae

Invader 3  

Cotoneaster pannosus (Silver-leaf cotoneaster, Silwerdwergmispel)

Classification: Rosaceae

Invader 3  

Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat, Lukwart)

Classification: Rosaceae

Invader 3 Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat)

Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Red river gum, Rooibloekom)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 2  

Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Sugar gum, Suikerbloekom)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 2  

Eucalyptus diversicolor (Karri, Karie)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 2  

Eucalyptus grandis (Saligna gum, Rose gum, Salignabloekom)

[= Eucalyptus saligna]

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 2  

Eucalyptus lehmannii (Spider gum, Spinnekopbloekom)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Category 1 plant in the Western Cape, Category 2 plant in the rest of South Africa.

Weed 1-2  

Eucalyptus paniculata (Grey ironbark, Grysysterbasbloekom)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 2  

Eucalyptus sideroxylon (Black ironbark, Red ironbark, Swartysterbasbloekom)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 2  

Eugenia uniflora (Pitanga, Surinam cherry)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Category 1 plant in the Northern Province, KwaZulu – Natal and Mpumalanga, Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa

Weed 1 or 3  

Gleditsia triacanthos (Honey locust, Sweet locust, Amerikaanse driedoring, Soetpeulboom)

Classification: Fabaceae > Caesalpinioideae

Declared status excludes sterile cultivars.

Invader 2  

Cytisus monspessulanus (Montpellier broom, Montpellierbrem)

[= Cytisus candicans, Genista monspessulana]

Classification: Fabaceae > Papilionoideae

Weed 1  

Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom, Skotse brem)

[= Genista scoparia]

Classification: Fabaceae > Papilionoideae

Weed 1  

Grevillea robusta (Australian silky oak, Australiese silwereik)

Classification: Proteaceae

Invader 3  

Hakea drupacea (Sweet hakea, Soethakea)

[= Hakea suaveolens]

Classification: Proteaceae > Hakea

Weed 1  

Hakea gibbosa (Rock hakea, Harige hakea)

Classification: Proteaceae > Hakea

Weed 1  

Hakea sericea (Silky hakea, Syerige hakea)

Classification: Proteaceae > Hakea

Weed 1

Jacaranda mimosifolia (Jacaranda)

Classification: Bignoniaceae

Declared status excludes sterile cultivar 'Alba'.

Invader 3

Lantana (Lantana, Tickberry, Cherry pie)

Classification: Verbenaceae

Declared status includes all seed producing species or seed producing hybrids of Lantana that are non-native to Africa.

Weed 1 Lantana camara

Leptospermum laevigatum (Australian myrtle, Australiese mirt)

Classification: Myrtaceae > Leptospermum

Weed 1

Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena, Reuse wattel)

[= Leucaena glauca]

Classification: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae

Category 1 plant in the Western Cape, Category 2 plant in the rest of South Africa.

Weed 1-2  

Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese liguster, Japanese wax-leaved privet)

Classification: Oleaceae

Invader 3  

Ligustrum lucidum (Chinese liguster, Chinese wax-leaved privet)

Classification: Oleaceae

Only for use as root-stock if authorised by the Executive Official in terms of regulation 15C(5).

Invader 3  

Ligustrum ovalifolium (Californian privet, Kaliforniese liguster)

Classification: Oleaceae

Invader 3  

Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet, Chinese liguster)

Classification: Oleaceae

Invader 3  

Ligustrum vulgare (Common privet, Gewone liguster)

Classification: Oleaceae

Invader 3  

Litsea glutinosa (Indian laurel, Indiese lourier)

[= Litsea sebifera]

Classification: Lauraceae

Weed 1  

Macfadyena unguis-cati (Cat’s claw creeper, Katteklouranker)

Classification: Bignoniaceae

Weed 1  

Melia azedarach (“Syringa”, Persian lilac, Maksering, Bessieboom)

Classification: Meliaceae

Invader 3  

Metrosideros excelsa (New Zealand christmas tree, Nieu-Seelandse perdestert)

[= Metrosideros tomentosa]

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 3  

Mimosa pigra (Giant sensitive plant, Raak-my-nie)

Classification: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae

Invader 3  

Montanoa hibiscifolia (Montanoa, Tree daisy)

Classification: Asteraceae > Heliantheae

Weed 1  

Morus alba (White mulberry, Common mulberry, Witmoerbei, Gewone moerbei)

Classification: Moraceae > Morus

Declared status excludes cultivar ‘Pendula’. Only for use as root – stock if authorised by the Executive Official in terms of regulation 15C(5).

Invader 3  

Myoporum tenuifolium subsp. montanum (Manatoka)

[= Myoporum montanum]

Classification: Scrophulariaceae > Myoporum

Misidentified as Myoporum acuminatum in South Africa.

Invader 3  

Nerium oleander (Oleander, Selonsroos)

Classification: Apocynaceae > Apocynoideae

Declared status excludes sterile, double-flowered cultivars

Weed 1 Nerium oleander 'Alba'

Paraserianthes lophantha (Australian Albizia, Stink bean, Australiese Albizia, Stinkboon)

[= Albizia lophantha]

Classification: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae

Weed 1  

Passiflora caerulea (Blue passion flower, Siergrenadella)

Classification: Passifloraceae

Weed 1  

Passiflora mollissima (Banana poka, Bananadilla, Piesangdilla)

Classification: Passifloraceae

Weed 1  

Passiflora suberosa (Devil’s pumpkin, Indigo berry)

Classification: Passifloraceae

Weed 1  

Passiflora subpeltata (Granadina)

Classification: Passifloraceae

Weed 1  

Phytolacca dioica (Belhambra, Bobbejaandruifboom)

Classification: Phytolaccaceae

Invader 3  

Pinus canariensis (Canary den, Kanariese den)

Classification: Pinaceae

Invader 2  

Pinus elliotti (Slash pine, Basden)

Classification: Pinaceae

Invader 2  

Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine, Aleppoden)

Classification: Pinaceae

Invader 2  

Pinus patula (Patula pine, Treurden)

Classification: Pinaceae

Invader 2  

Pinus pinaster (Cluster pine, Trosden)

Classification: Pinaceae

Invader 2  

Pinus radiata (Radiata pine, Monterey pine, Radiataden)

Classification: Pinaceae

Invader 2  

Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine, longifolia pine, Tjirden)

[= Pinus longifolia]

Classification: Pinaceae

Invader 2  

Pinus taeda (Loblolly pine, Loblollyden)

Classification: Pinaceae

Invader 2  

Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood, Sweet pittospormum, Australiese kasuur, Soet Pittosporum)

Classification: Pittosporaceae > Pittosporum

Weed 1  

Plectranthus comosus (‘Abyssinian’ coleus, Woolly plectranthus, ‘Abessiniese’ coleus)

[= Coleus grandis]

Classification: Lamiaceae > Plectranthus

Misnamed Plectranthus barbatus in South Africa.

Invader 3  

Populus alba (White poplar, Witpopulier)

Classification: Salicaceae

Invader 2  

Populus x canescens (Grey poplar, Matchwood poplar, Vaalpopulier)

Classification: Salicaceae

Invader 2  

Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana and hybrids (Honey mesquite, Heuningprosopis)

Classification: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae

Invader 2  

Prosopis velutina and hybrids (Velvet mesquite, Fluweelprosopis)

Classification: Fabaceae > Mimosoideae

Invader 2  

Psidium cattleianum (Strawberry guava, Aarbei koejawel)

[= Psidium littorale var. longipes]

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 3  

Psidium guajava and hybrids (Guava, Koejawel)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 2  

Psidium guineense (Brazilian guava, Brasiliaanse koejawel)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 3  

Psidium x durbanensis (Durban guava, Durbanse koejawel)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Weed 1  

Pueraria lobata (Kudzu vine, Kudzuranker)

Classification: Fabaceae > Papilionoideae

Weed 1  

Pyracantha angustifolia (Yellow firethorn, Geelbranddoring)

Classification: Rosaceae

Declared status excludes cultivars.

Invader 3

Pyracantha crenulata (Himalayan firethorn, Rooivuurdoring)

Classification: Rosaceae

Invader 3  

Rhus succedanea (Wax tree, Wasboom)

[= Toxicodendron succedaneum]

Classification: Anacardiaceae > Rhus

Weed 1  

Ricinus communis (Castor - oil plant, Kasterolieboom)

Classification: Euphorbiaceae

Invader 2  

Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust, Witakasia)

Classification: Fabaceae > Papilionoideae

Only for use as root – stock if authorised by the Executive Official in terms of regulation 15B(10).

Invader 2  

Rosa rubiginosa (Eglantine, Sweetbriar, Wilderoos)

Classification: Rosaceae

Invader 1  

Rubus cuneifolius and Rubus x proteus (American bramble, Amerikaanse braam)

Classification: Rosaceae > Rubus

Weed 1  

Rubus fruticosus (European blackberry, Braam)

Classification: Rosaceae > Rubus

Invader 2  

Salix babylonica (Weeping willow, Treurwilger)

Classification: Salicaceae

Careful not to confuse this with the indigenous Salix mucronata.

Invader 2  

Salix fragilis (Crack or brittle willow)

Classification: Salicaceae

Careful not to confuse this with the indigenous Salix mucronata.

Invader 2  

Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree, Brasiliaanse peperboom)

Classification: Anacardiaceae > Schinus

Category 1 in Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Category 3 in the rest of South Africa.

Weed 1 or 3  

Senna bicapsularis (Rambling cassia)

[= Cassia bicapsularis]

Classification: Fabaceae > Caesalpinioideae

Invader 3  

Senna didymobotrya (Peanut butter cassia, Grondboontjiebotterkassia)

[= Cassia didymobotrya]

Classification: Fabaceae > Caesalpinioideae

Invader 3  

Senna pendula var. glabrata

[= Cassia coluteoides]

Classification: Fabaceae > Caesalpinioideae

Invader 3  

Sesbania punicea (Red sesbania, Rooi sesbania)

Classification: Fabaceae > Papilionoideae

Weed 1  

Solanum elaeagnifolium (Silver-leaf bitter apple, Satansbos)

Classification: Solanaceae > Solanum

Weed 1  

Solanum mauritianum (Bugweed, Luisboom)

Classification: Solanaceae > Solanum

Weed 1  

Solanum seaforthianum (Potato creeper, Aartappelranker)

Classification: Solanaceae > Solanum

Weed 1  

Solanum sisymbriifolium (Wild tomato, Dense - thorned bitter apple, Wildetamatie, Doringtamatie)

Classification: Solanaceae > Solanum

Weed 1  

Spartium junceum (Spanish broom, Spaanse besem)

Classification: Fabaceae > Papilionoideae

Weed 1  

Syzygium cumini (Jambolan)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 3  

Syzygium jambos (Rose apple, Jamboes)

Classification: Myrtaceae

Invader 3  

Tamarix chinensis (Chinese tamarisk)

Classification: Tamaricaceae

Category 1 plant in the Northern-, Western-, and Eastern Cape, Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa.

Weed 1 or 3  

Tamarix ramosissima (Pink tamarisk, Perstamarisk)

Classification: Tamaricaceae

Category 1 plant in the Northern-, Western-, and Eastern Cape, Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa.

Weed 1 or 3  

Tecoma stans (Yellow bells, Geelklokkies)

Classification: Bignoniaceae

Weed 1  

Thevetia peruviana (Yellow oleander, Geel-oleander)

[= Thevetia neriifolia]

Classification: Apocynaceae

Weed 1  

Tipuana tipu (Tipu tree, Tipoeboom)

[= Tipuana speciosa]

Classification: Fabaceae > Papilionoideae

Invader 3  

Toona ciliata (Toon tree, Toonboom)

[= Cedrela toona]

Classification: Meliaceae

Invader 3  

Triplaris americana (Palo santo, Triplaris, Ant Tree)

Classification: Polygonaceae

Weed 1  

Ulex europaeus (European gorse, Gaspeldoring)

Classification: Fabaceae > Papilionoideae

Weed 1