Gregarinasina (gregarines)
[= Gregarinia]
Life
> Eukaryotes >
Chromalveolata > Alveolata >
Apicomplexa > Conoidasida
Parasites of the gut and body cavity of invertebrates and lower Chordates.
Classification
Information mainly from Hotel
Intestine´s Gregarine Information Server (Dept of Natural Science, Peru
State College, Nebraska, USA) and Systema Natura 2000 (for
Aseptatorina classification) (website no longer accessible).
Archigregarinorida
Intestinal parasites of marine invertebrates, especially
polychaetes. |
|
|
Family: Selenidioididae
Genera: Selenidioides (synonymised with
Selenidium by recent authors), Meroselenidium and
Merogregarina. |
|
|
Family: Exoschizonidae
One genus: Exoschizon |
|
Eugregarinorida
(eugregarines) |
|
|
Blastogregarinorina
A single species, found in marine polychaetes. |
|
|
Aseptatorina
About 72 genera and 489 species known worldwide. |
|
|
|
Family: Selenidiidae
Genera: Digyalum, Selenidium (in sipunculids and
polychaetes), Selenocystis, Ditrypanocystis (in earthworms
[Oligochaeta]) and Heterospora |
|
|
|
Family: Lecudinidae
Genera: Lecudina, Cygnicollum, Loxomorpha,
Polyrhabdina, Ulivina, Sycia, Pontesia, Bhatiella, Viviera, Cochleomeritus,
Ancora, Hentschelia, Lecythion, Hyperidion, Zygosoma, Filipodium, Diplauxis,
Chlamydocystis, Contoriocorpa, Lankesteria, Monocystella, Ascogregarina,
Kofoidina, Ophioidina, Paraophioidina, Lateroprotomeritus and
Extremocystis |
|
|
|
Family: Urosporidae
Genera: Urospora (in sea cucumbers [Holothuria]),
Gonospora, Lithocystis, Ceratospora, Pterospora, Paragonospora |
|
|
|
Family: Aikinetocystidae
Genera: Aikinetocystis and Nellocystis |
|
|
|
Family: Monocystidae
|
|
|
|
|
Subfamily: Monocystinae
Genera: Monocystis, Nematocystis, Rhabdocystis,
Apolocystis, Cephalocystis, Trigonepimerus and Mastocystis |
|
|
|
|
Subfamily: Zygocystinae
Genera: Zygocystis, Adelphocystis and
Pleurocystis |
|
|
|
|
Subfamily: Rhynchocystinae
Genera: Rhynchocystis, Dirhynchocystis and
Grayallia |
|
|
|
|
Subfamily: Stomatophorinae
Genera: Stomatophora, Craterocystis, Astrocystella,
Albertisella, Beccaricystis, Parachoanocystoides, Choanocystoides,
Zeylanocystis, Arborocystis and Chakravartiella |
|
|
|
|
Subfamily: Oligochaetocystinae
Genera: Oligochaetocystis, Echiurocystis, Neomonocystis
and Acarogregarina |
|
|
|
Family: Diplocystidae
One genus: Diplocystis |
|
|
|
Family: Allantocystidae
One genus: Allantocystis |
|
|
|
Family: Schaudinnellidae
One genus: Schaudinnella |
|
|
|
Family: Enterocystidae
One genus: Enterocystis |
|
|
|
Family: Ganymedidae
One genus: Ganymedes |
|
|
Septatorina
About 151 genera and 1166 species known worldwide. Found in invertebrates,
mainly arthropods. |
|
|
|
Porosporicae
Contains the single family Porosporidae, with three genera and about 37
known species worldwide. Members have a two host life cycle, one a
crustacean and the other a mollusc. Genera: Porospora, Nematopsis and
Pachyporospora. |
|
|
|
Gregarinicae
About seven families, 45 genera and 561 species known worldwide. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Cephaloidophoridae
Three genera and about 70 species worldwide. Mainly intestinal parasites of
crustaceans, particularly decapods, amphipods and cirripedes (barnacles).
Genera: Cephaloidophora, Caridohabitans and Rotundula. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Cephalolobidae
Two genera and five known species worldwide. Mainly intestinal parasites of
Crustacea. Genera: Cephalobus and Callynthrochlamys. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Uradiophoridae
Five genera and 21 known species worldwide. Mainly intestinal parasites of
Crustacea. Genera: Uradiophora, Heliospora, Pyxinioides, Nematoides
and Bifilida. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Gregarinidae
In total there are 14 genera and about 352 known species worldwide. Mainly
intestinal parasites of insects.
Genera: Gregarina, Clitellocephalus, Gymnospora, Triseptata, Gamocystis,
Anisolobus, Anisoloboides, Garnhamia, Torogregarina, Faucispora, Spinispora,
Bolivia, Cirrigregarina, Molluskocystis. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Metameridae
Four genera and five known species worldwide. Parasites of annelids. Genera:
Metamera (in leeches), Gopaliella, Deuteromera (in
polychaetes) and Cognettiella (in polychaetes). |
|
|
|
|
Family: Didymophyidae
Didymophyes is the sole genus, with 41 known species. Parasites of
beetles (Coleoptera). |
|
|
|
|
Family: Hirmocystidae
A total of 16 genera and 69 known species worldwide. Genera: Hirmocystis
(in insects), Neohirmocystis, Hyalospora, Tettigonospora,
Dumbbellicephalus, Euspora, Tintinospora, Arachnocystis (in arachnids),
Acanthogregarina, Protomagalhaensia, Eliptocystis, Pintospora,
Endomycola, Retractocephalus, Liposcelisus, Quadruhyalodiscus |
|
|
|
Stenophoricae
Worldwide there are 14 families, about 103 genera and about 568 known
species. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Stenophoridae
There are three genera and 93 known species worldwide. All are intestinal
parasites of
millipedes. Genera: Stenophora, Fonsecaia and Hyalosporina.
|
|
|
|
|
Family: Leidyanidae
One genus (Leidyana) with 29 named species worldwide |
|
|
|
|
Family: Cnemidosporidae
One genus (Cnemidospora) with four named species. Intestinal
parasites of
millipedes. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Monoductidae
Three genera and 19 species worldwide. Primarily intestinal parasites of
millipedes. Genera: Monoductus, Stenoductus and
Phleobum. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Sphaerocystidae
Four genera and 12 named species worldwide. Mainly intestinal parasites of
insects. Genera: Sphaerocystis, Schneideria, Paraschneideria and
Neoschneideria. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Trichorhynchidae
One genus (Trichorhynchus) with two species. Intestinal parasites of
centipedes (Chilopoda). |
|
|
|
|
Family: Dactylophoridae
Eight genera and 29 named species worldwide. Intestinal parasites of
centipedes (Chilopoda). Genera: Dactylophorus, Echinomera,
Grebnickiella, Rhopalonia, Acutispora, Seticephalus, Dendrorhynchus and
Mecistophora. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Amphiplatysporidae
One genus and one species. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Stylocephalidae
Fifteen genera and 91 named species worldwide. Intestinal parasites of
insects. Genera: Stylocephalus, Stylocephaloides, Cystocephalus,
Bulbocephalus, Xiphocephalus, Lophocephalus, Lophocephaloides,
Sphaerorhynchus, Oocephalus, Campanacephalus, Clavicephalus,
Cystocephaloides, Orbocephalus, Lepismatophila and Colepismatophila.
|
|
|
|
|
Family: Actinocephalidae
Three subfamilies, 61 genera and 283 named species worldwide. Intestinal
parasites of arthropods and chordates. |
|
|
|
|
|
Subfamily: Actinocephalinae
Worldwide there are 38 genera and 187 named species. Genera:
Actinocephalus (in insects), Caulocephalus (in beetles),
Cornimeritus, Umbracephalus, Urnaepimeritus, Asterophora (in
arthropods), Pileocephalus, Gemmicephalus, Pilidiophora, Geneiorhynchus
(in dragonfly larvae), Acanthoepimeritus, Phialoides (in beetle
larvae), Legeria (in beetle larvae), Pixinia (in beetles),
Discorhynchus (in insect larvae), Steinina (in insects),
Bothriopsides, Pomania, Stictospora (in insects), Coleorhynchus
(in insects), Amphoroides (in millipedes), Stylocystis (in
insects), Sciadiophora (in harvestmen [Opiliones]), Anthorhynchus,
Agrippina (in flea larvae), Globulocephalus (in trichopteran
larvae), Alaspora (in beetles), Amphorocephalus (in centipedes
[Chilopoda]), Tricystis (in chaetognaths), Thalicola (in
salps), Epicavus (in insects), Gryllotalpia (in insects),
Chilogregarina (in centipedes [Chilopoda]), Crucocephalus,
Harendraia, and Levinea (in Odonata). |
|
|
|
|
|
Subfamily: Acanthosporinae
Twenty genera and 75 named species worldwide. Intestinal parasites of
carnivorous insects (mainly aquatic insects), centipedes (Chilopoda) and
harvestmen (Opiliones). Genera: Acanthospora (in insects),
Grenoblia, Corycella, Ancyrophora, Rhizionella, Cometoides (in insects),
Prismatospora, Nubenocephalus, Tetraedrospora (in fungus gnats
[Mycetophilidae]), Ramicephalus, Coronoepimeritus, Dinematospora,
Doliospora (in harvestmen [Opiliones]), Acanthosporidium,
Cosmetophilus (in Opiliones), Contospora (in arthropods),
Tetractinospora, Echinoocysta, Mukundaella (in insects),
Tetrameridionospinospora, |
|
|
|
|
|
Subfamily: Menosporinae
Worldwide there are five genera and 24 named species. Intestinal parasites
of arthropods.
Genera: Menospora (in insects), Hoplorhynchus, Odonaticola,
Domadracunculus and Steganorhynchus. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Brustiophoridae
One species in the genus Brustiophora, an intestinal parasite of a
beetle. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Acutidae
Two genera (Acuta and Apigregarina), each with a single
named species. Intestinal parasites of honeybees. |
|
|
|
|
Family: Monoicidae
One species in the genus Monoica, intestinal parasite of honeybees. |
|
|
|
Fusionicae
A single species in the family Fusionidae and the genus Fusiona
(intestinal parasite of insects). |
|
Neogregarinorida |
|
|
Family: Gigaductidae
One genus: Gigaductus. |
|
|
Family: Caulleryellidae
Genera: Caulleryella and Tipulocystis. |
|
|
Family: Ophryocystidae
One genus: Ophryocystis. |
|
|
Family: Syncystidae
One genus: Syncystis. |
|
|
Family: Schizocystidae
Genera: Schizocystis, Machadoella and Lymphotropha. |
|
|
Family: Lipotrophidae
Genera: Lipocystis, Mattesia, Menzbieria, Farinocystis and
Lipotropha |
|
|