Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks)
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Carcharhiniformes
Mostly large sharks with bladelike teeth,
precaudal pits, a scroll intestinal valve, and usually round eyes,
no spiracles, short labial furrows, and a small 2nd dorsal fin. Most
are placental livebearers. 50 species, 21 in the area.
Species in seas off southern Africa
Carcharhinus albimarginatus
(Silvertip shark)
A large, slim dark
grey shark with striking white tips and posterior
margins on all fins. 1st dorsal and pectoral fins
angular and not expanded, upper teeth triangular,
underside white |
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Carcharhinus altimus (Bignose
shark) A cylindrical, heavy-bodied greyish shark with
a large, long, broad snout, long nasal flaps, prominent high
interdorsal ridge, high triangular saw-edged upper teeth, large
straight pectoral and dorsal fins, and no conspicuous markings.
Underside white. |
 |
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
(Gray reef shark)
A moderate-sized stout grey shark with a
moderately long, broadly rounded snout, round eyes, narrow-cusped
teeth, no interdorsal ridge, white tip on 1st dorsal fin, black tips
on 2nd dorsal and anal fin, and a conspicuous broad black band on
rear edge of caudal fin.
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Carcharhinus amboinensis
(Pigeye
or Java shark)
A large, massive, thick-headed greyish shark
with a short, broad, blunt snout, small eyes, large triangular
saw-edged upper teeth, high erect 1st dorsal fin at least 3.2 times
2nd dorsal height, no interdorsal ridge, and no conspicuous markings
on fins. Underside white, fin tips dusky. |
 |
Carcharhinus brachyurus
(Copper
shark or bronze whaler) A large grey to bronzy shark with a bluntly
pointed broad snout, narrow bent cusps on upper teeth, no
interdorsal ridge, and dusky or blackish fin tips. Underside white,
fins not boldly marked. |
 |
Carcharhinus brevipinna
(Spinner shark) A slender grey shark with a long narrow pointed
snout, small 1st dorsal fin, small narrow-cusped teeth, long gill
slits, long upper labial furrows, no interdorsal ridge, and with
labial furrows longer than any other gray shark. Often abruptly
black tips on most fins, young may lack black tips; underside white. |
 |
Carcharhinus falciformis (Silky
shark) A large slim oceanic grey shark with moderately
long, flat rounded snout, small jaws, large eyes, oblique-cusped
serrated upper teeth, 1st dorsal behind pectorals, 2nd dorsal low
and with a greatly elongated rear tip, and no conspicuous fin
markings. Underside white. |
 |
Carcharhinus leucas (Zambezi
shark) A large, massive, thick-headed greyish shark
with a short, broad, blunt snout, small eyes, triangular saw-edged
upper teeth, broad triangular 1st dorsal fin less than 3.2 times 2nd
dorsal height, no interdorsal ridge, and no conspicuous markings on
fins. Underside white, fin tips dusky. |
 |
Carcharhinus limbatus (Blacktip
shark) A stout grey shark with a long narrow pointed
snout, high 1st dorsal fin, narrow-cusped erect upper teeth, long
gill slits, no interdorsal ridge, and often abruptly black fin tips.
White on underside, adults may lack black tips. |
 |
Carcharhinus longimanus (Oceanic whitetip shark) A stocky grey or brownish oceanic shark with
huge rounded 1st dorsal fin, and wide-tipped, long pectoral fins.
Snout bluntly rounded, upper teeth triangular, interdorsal ridge
present. Underside white, fins with prominent white-mottled tips;
juveniles have black tips on some fins and black patches on the
caudal peduncle. |
 |
Carcharhinus melanopterus (Blacktip
reef shark)
A small brownish-grey shark with a short
bluntly rounded snout, oval eyes, narrow-cusped teeth, no interdorsal
ridge, a large 2nd dorsal fin, and abruptly black fin
tips, highlighted by white. Underside whit |
 |
Carcharhinus obscurus (Dusky
shark) A large grey to bronzy shark with a broadly
rounded snout, triangular saw-edged upper teeth, curved
moderate-sized pectoral fins, an interdorsal ridge, and dusky fin
tips. Underside white, fins not boldly marked. |
 |
Carcharhinus plumbeus (Sandbar
shark) A stout grey-brown or bronzy shark with a
moderately long rounded snout, very large erect first dorsal fin,
high triangular saw-edged upper teeth, an interdorsal ridge, and no
prominent markings. Underside white |
 |
Carcharhinus sealei (Blackspot
shark) A small slender grey shark with a long rounded
snout, large oval eyes, oblique-cusped teeth, and a conspicuous
black spot on the 2nd dorsal fin. White below, other fins plain. |
 |
Carcharhinus signatus (Night
shark) A slim semi-oceanic grey shark with a very
long, pointed snout, small jaws, small pectoral fins, large eyes,
oblique-cusped serrated upper teeth, front of 1st dorsal over
pectoral fins, 1st and 2nd dorsals low and with elongated rear tips,
an interdorsal ridge, and no conspicuous fin markings. Upper surface
grey-brown, underside |
 |
Carcharhinus sorrah (Spottail
shark) A small, spindle-shaped grey shark with a long
rounded snout, large circular eyes, oblique-cusped serrated teeth,
an interdorsal ridge, a very low, elongated 2nd dorsal fin, black
tips on the pectoral and 2nd dorsal fins, and a conspicuous black
spot on the lower caudal lobe. White below, 1st dorsal fin with a
black edge. |
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Galeocerdo cuvier (Tiger shark) A huge striped shark with a broad, bluntly
rounded snout, long upper labial furrows, a big mouth with large,
saw-edged, cockscomb-shaped teeth, spiracles, and low caudal keels.
Colour grey above with vertical black to dark grey bars and spots,
bold in young but fading in adults; white below. |
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Loxodon macrorhinus (Sliteye
shark) A small, very slim, grey to brownish shark with
a long narrow snout, big eyes with rear notches, short labial
furrows, small smooth-edged oblique-cusped teeth, small low 2nd
dorsal fin behind larger anal fin, interdorsal ridge absent or
rudimentary. Underside white, fins with inconspicuous light rear
edges and black margin on 1st dorsal and caudal. |
 |
Negaprion acutidens (Sharptooth
lemon shark) A big, stocky, yellowish shark with the 2nd
dorsal fin as large as the 1st, a broad, blunt snout, and narrow,
smooth-cusped teeth in both jaws. |
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Prionace glauca (Blue shark) A slim, graceful, blue shark with a long
conical snout, large eyes, curved, saw-edged, triangular upper
teeth, long narrow pectoral fins, 1st dorsal fin well behind
pectorals, and no interdorsal ridge. Upper surface dark blue, sides
bright blue, underside white. |
 |
Rhizoprionodon acutus (Milk
shark) A small grey or grey-brown shark with a long
narrow snout, big eyes without notches, long labial furrows, small
smooth-edged or weakly serrated oblique-cusped teeth, small low 2nd
dorsal fin behind larger anal fin, and no interdorsal ridge.
Underside white, no fin markings.
|
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Scoliodon laticaudus
(Spadenose
shark) |
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Triaenodon obesus (Whitetip
reef shark) A small, slender grey shark with an extremely
short, broad, snout, oval eyes, 1st dorsal fin behind pectorals, 2nd
dorsal nearly as large as first, conspicuous white tips on the 1st
dorsal and upper caudal fin, and no interdorsal ridge. Underside
lighter, sometimes dark spots on sides. |
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Text by Leonard J.V. Compagno, David A. Ebert
and Malcolm J. Smale
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